A fuero, in brief, was a charter outlining statutes for a specific locality: in effect, a local form of governance that became established in medieval Iberia. The fuero that is the subject of this post and is translated here is the one that was given for the locality of Calatayud (located in the Aragón region of northeast Spain) by King Alfonso I of Aragón and Navarre, who died in 1134 and was nicknamed "The Battler." I have not chosen this fuero at random: rather, I decided to read it as I myself have visited Calatayud, as it is one of the notable towns in relative proximity to my village in Spain.
The most likely etymology for Calatayud is that it is a transcription of the Arabic قلعة أيوب (Qal'at Ayyub), which translates as "Ayyub's fortress." According to Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada in Chapter 9 of his Historia Arabum, it is said that Qal'at Ayyub was built by Ayyub bin Habib al-Lakhmi, who briefly served as governor of al-Andalus and was involved in the deposition and assassination of his predecessor Abd al-Aziz bin Musa (the son of the Muslim general Musa bin Nusayr, a key figure in the Muslim conquest of Spain). This assassination, according to Rodrigo, took place because of suspicion that Abd al-Aziz had converted to Christianity, since his wife Egilo (who is called Umm 'Asim in Arabic sources and was supposedly the widow of Roderic, the last Visigothic king of Spain) had persuaded him to wear a crown as the Visigothic kings did.
Regardless of whether Ayyub did in fact establish Calatayud, there is a very magnificent fortress that surveys the whole town, and I would recommend that you visit Calatayud and its fortress, especially since it is not such a familiar site for foreign tourists. Besides the fortress, there is also the remnant of the city's old Jewish quarter that is well worth seeing.
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https://aymennaltamimi.substack.com/p/the-fuero-of-calatayud-translation